Relations between India and France date back to the 18th century. The political, commercial and cultural contacts, then established, were maintained throughout the 19th century. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established after the Independence of India. Since then, co-operation has developed in all the major areas.
It was on the basis of this old bond of trust that France and India decided to take a new step by establishing a strategic partnership in 1998. With the establishment of this partnership, there has been a significant progress in all areas of bilateral cooperation through regular high-level exchanges at the Head of State/Head of Government levels. The growing cooperation and exchanges include strategic areas such as defence, counter-terrorism, nuclear energy and space.
The Embassy of India in France has seen 26 Heads of Mission till date:
| SI. No. | Name of Head of Mission | Date of charge assumption | Date of charge relinquishment |
| 1. | Wing Commander Mr. Sardar H.S. Malik, Ambassador | October 1949 | 1954 |
| 2. | Mr. Y.K. Puri, Cd’A | December 1954 | 1955 |
| 3. | Wing Commander Mr. Sardar H.S. Malik | April 1955 | 1956 |
| 4. | Mr. K.M. Panikkar | February 1956 | 1959 |
| 5. | Mr. N. Raghavan | June 1959 | 1961 |
| 6. | Mr. Nawab Ali Yavar Jung Bahadur,Ambassador | February 1961 | 1965 |
| 7. | Mr. Rajeshwar Dayal | June 1965 | 1967 |
| 8. | Mr. Chandra Shekhar | August 1967 | 1969 |
| 9. | Mr. Dwarka Nath Chatterjee | February 1969 | 1976 |
| 10. | Mr. Ramchandra Dattatraya Sathe | July 1976 | November,1978 |
| 11. | Mr. Maharajakrishna Rasgotra | February 1979 | March 1982 |
| 12. | Mr. Narendra Singh | March 1982 | 1985 |
| 13. | Mr. l.H. Latif (Retd. Air Chief marshal) | April 1985 | 1988 |
| 14. | Mrs. Soonu Kochhar | August 1988 | April 1991 |
| 15. | Mr. C.V. Ranganathan | June 1991 | September,1993 |
| 16. | Mr. Ranjit Sethi | November 1993 | October,1997 |
| 17. | Mr. Kanwal Sibal | March 1998 | April 2002 |
| 18. | Ms. Savitri Kunadi | April 2002 | September,2003 |
| 19. | Mr. Dalip Lahiri | May 2004 | July 2005 |
| 20. | Mr. T.C.A. Rangachari | August 2005 | October,2006 |
| 21. | Mr. Ranjan Mathai | January 2007 | July 2011 |
| 22. | Mr. Rakesh Sood | August 2011 | March 2013 |
| 23. | Mr. Arun K Singh | April 2013 | April 2015 |
| 24. | Dr. Mohan Kumar | May 2015 | July 2017 |
| 25. | Mr Vinay Mohan Kwatra | July 2017 | February 2020 |
| 26. | Mr Jawed Ashraf | July 2020 | December 2024 |